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Choosing the Most Effective Sterilization Method for Your CO₂ Incubator


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Importance of Sterilization in Incubators

An effective sterilization method for incubators is the key to tackle the issue of contamination and to ensure incubation process is a success. Contamination, which is a major risk-posing phenomenon in cell culturing, are caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses. In the most acute cases, a single microbe can even ruin months' worth of research work. Such disaster can be introduced by different types of sources such as contaminated media or reagents use, airborne spores as 30 to 1,000 of microorganisms fill every cubic meter of air, cross-contamination of cultures, and improper disinfestation of lab equipment. Although incubators are inherently designed to replicate precise in vivo conditions, with lack of proper maintenance, disruptions can occur and lead to inconsistent, non-reproducible results. Hence, appropriate contamination controls must be established to maintain the integrity of life sciences research, and prevent the loss of valuable time and resources. Combined efforts of diligent CO₂ levels, temperature, and humidity regulation will produce an ideal environment where cells are able to thrive. Ensuring that this incubation process is conducted in a sterile environment for success is a top priority for laboratories.

sterilization method Illustration

Overview of Common Sterilization Methods

For different types of materials and environments, various types of sterilization are utilized to achieve efficiency. Objects of disinfection range from surface, surgical instruments, and even air. The usage of heat, chemical and radiation each has its own strengths and application methods for a common purpose of increased log reduction.

Different types of materials and environments require specific sterilization methods to ensure effective disinfection. These methods are used to sanitize a wide range of objects, from surfaces and surgical instruments to air. Heat, chemicals, and radiation are the primary approaches, each with its own advantages and application techniques, all aimed at achieving a high level of microbial reduction commonly called as log reduction to ensure optimum safety.

Methods of Sterilization

Methods

Heat

Chemical

Radiation

Dry Heat Sterilization

Moist Heat Sterilization

Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor (HPV) Sterilization

Ultraviolet (UV) Light Sterilization

Description and Process

Dry heat sterilization uses high temperatures to kill microorganisms. It typically involves heating an object to 120-180°C for 2-3 hours.

Moist heat decontamination involves the use of high humidity at elevated temperatures to sterilize the internal environment and components. It commonly uses temperatures around 90-95°C.

HPV sterilization involves the use of vaporized hydrogen peroxide to sterilize surfaces and equipment. The process includes vapor generation, exposure, and aeration phases.

UV light sterilization uses ultraviolet light to destroy the DNA of microorganisms. It is primarily used for surface sterilization and for disinfecting the water in the humidity pan.

Typical Log Reduction

Log 6

Log 6

Log 6

Log 3 to Log 4

Advantages

  • Avoids issues related to moisture, such as rust or corrosion
  • No toxic residues
  • Shorter time compared to moist heat
  • Steam can penetrate surfaces and small crevices
  • No toxic residues
  • Lower temperatures compared to dry heat can support the incubator’s longevity
  • Vapor can penetrate surfaces, crevices, and equipment
  • Rapid process, completed within a few hours
  • Can be integrated into continuous operation
  • Low operational cost
  • Low residue

Disadvantages

  • High temperatures can damage heat-sensitive components
  • Energy-intensive and may increase operational costs
  • Residual moisture may need drying out, increasing downtime
  • Requires a water source
  • Requires longer time compared to dry heat
  • Requires specialized equipment to distribute the vapor, which can be costly and requires regular maintenance
  • High concentrations of hydrogen peroxide vapor can be hazardous to human health
  • May not be suitable for all materials sensitive to hydrogen peroxide
  • Residual hydrogen peroxide must be adequately removed
  • Least effective compared to other sterilization methods
  • Limited penetration, not effective for hidden microorganisms
  • UV light can be harmful to human skin and eyes

Types of Contaminants in Incubators

Incubators, while designed to provide optimal growth conditions for desired microorganisms, can also become contaminated by various agents. Understanding these contaminants is important for effective sterilization and maintaining a contaminant-free environment. The presence of these contaminants can lead to nutrient deprivation and pH change that impact cell culturing success.

Bacteria

Bacteria are one of the most common contaminants found in incubators. They can enter the incubator through various sources, such as contaminated reagents and media, frequent user or lab personnel change, contaminated cell isolates and lab utensils.

Viruses

Viruses can also contaminate incubators, and they are among the most difficult to detect in culture. Due to their small size, they are also tough to remove from origin sources. These microscopic agents may originate from contaminated surfaces or direct contact with infected materials or patient and host animal sources. Aside from culturing success, one of the dangers of this contamination is the health hazard they might pose on laboratory personnel.

Fungi

Fungi are another category of contaminants that can be discovered in incubators. They can be introduced through spores in the air or on surfaces, ambient air such as vents and open doors, and unsanitary work practices.

Other Microorganisms

In addition to bacteria, viruses, and fungi, other microorganisms such as protozoa and archaea can also contaminate incubators. They might be less common but their presence can still impact experimental outcomes.

Maintaining robust sterilization protocols is essential to mitigate contamination risks and guarantee reliable results. Choosing a world-class equipment is the right way to start.

CelCulture CO2 Incubator

CCL-170L

Key features and benefits

In addition to bacteria, viruses, and fungi, other microorganisms such as protozoa and archaea can also contaminate incubators. They might be less common but their presence can still impact experimental outcomes.

Advantages of Est-1 mb-4s Sterilization Method

Esco's sterilization methods, particularly moist heat, have been proven to be highly effective, achieving a Log6 reduction, which eliminates 99.9999% of contaminants. This level of sterilization has been validated by HPA UK, which makes it a trusted method for keeping incubators sterile. Dry heat is also globally recognized for its reliability in sterilizing laboratory equipment. Compared to UV sterilization, which can only achieve a Log3 reduction (removing 99.9% of contaminants), Esco's heat-based sterilization methods are far superior in ensuring a clean and contaminant-free environment.

Cost Efficiency t-1 mb-4 Convenience of Heat-Based Sterilization

Esco's built-in heat sterilization process is able to provide significant cost-saving benefits compared to other methods, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decontamination, which requires continuous purchase of additional consumables. On the other hand, our system does not need extra reagents or chemicals, which is less costly in the long run. The convenience of not having to remove or replace components like sensors or filters during the sterilization process also reduces labor and maintenance efforts. This is guaranteed to offer a seamless and hassle-free experience for users.

Conclusion

Choosing the right sterilization method for incubators is important to ensure integrity in lab experiments and safety of the samples. When incubators fail to undergo proper sterilization, they are prone to accommodating dangerous contaminants which will end up compromising experiment results and otherwise avoidable costs. Different materials, such as stainless steel, glass, and silicone, require specific sterilization approaches. By selecting the appropriate method, researchers can minimize contamination risks while still maintaining optimal conditions for research purposes.

To ensure a contaminant-free environment in incubators, it is essential to achieve effective Log6 reduction during sterilization as it eliminates 99.9999% of viable organisms for reliable research and clinical outcomes. Aiming for this high level of reduction will foster a safer and robust environment for your scientific experiments.

When selecting sterilization options for incubators, heat sterilization methods with their proven effectiveness should be a priority for researchers. While other methods such as chemical and radiation may benefit from a rapid duration, heat sterilization has demonstrated thoroughness and can reliably achieve the desired Log6 reduction for enhanced integrity and safety.

References

Dry Heat Sterilization Effectiveness of Esco CelCulture® with High Heat Sterilization CO₂ Incubator [White paper] | Esco Scientific https://www.escolifesciences.com/pdf/Dry%20Heat%20Sterilization%20Effectiveness%20of%20Esco%20CelCulture.pdf

Dry Heat Sterilization Explained: A Detailed Exploration (2024) | Neuster Health https://www.neusterhealth.com/post/dry-heat-sterilization

McCormick, et al. (2016). Moist Heat Disinfection and Revisiting the A0 Concept. Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology. https://doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-50.s3.19

An Evaluation of the Decontamination Effect on the Inner Chamber of ESCO CelCulture® CO₂ Incubator Using the 90°C Moist Heat Decontamination Cycle | Health Protection Agency https://www.escolifesciences.com/pdf/CCL-HPA%20Decontamination%20Test%20Report.pdf